احتکار أسرة زکاريا الجنويَّة لتجارة الشب في فوکايا وتداعياته (1275-1314م)

نوع المستند : المقالة الأصلية

المؤلف

کلية الآداب - جامعة الفيوم

المستخلص

يتضح من عنوان البحث أنه ارتبط بثلاثة مصطلحات: تجارة الشب، ومدينة فوکايا، وأسرة آل زکاريا الجنوية ، أما التحديد الزمني فهو يقع بين عام 1275م، وهو العام الذي منح فيه الإمبراطور البيزنطي ميخائيل الثامن المدينة للأخوين مانويل وبنديتو الأول زکاريا، أما عام 1314م فهو العام الذي استقل أندريولو کاتانيو ديللا فولتا Andreolo Cattaneo della Volta بفوکايا کتابع للإمبراطور البيزنطي بشکلٍ مباشر، أما عن فوکايا، فکانت مرکزًا مهمًا من مراکز إنتاج الشب، فهي تقع على ساحل آسيا الصغرى على بُعد خمسين إلى ستين کيلومترًا شمال غرب خليج سميرنا Smyrna، ومناجم الشب تقع في غربها، وهذا الشب يُستخدم بشکل أساسي في الصناعات المتعلقة بالدهانات والصباغة، ووفقًا لرؤية المصادر فشب فوکايا کان من بين الأفضل، ومناجمه الأکثر إنتاجية في ذلک الوقت، حيث کانت تنتج ما يقرب من سبعة وثلاثين طنًا ثم ارتفع إلى سبعمائة وتسعين طن سنويًا فى القرن الرابع عشر الميلادى. ولعل هذه الانتاجية العالية کانت عاملاً مهمًا فى الاهتمام به والعمل على تطويره، مما ساعد على تصديره إلى مناطق مختلفة.
ارتبط هذا الانتشار لشب فوکايا، بظهور أسرة زکاريا على مسرح الأحداث واحتکاکهم بالإمبراطور البيزنطي ميخائيل الثامن باليولوجس،

الكلمات الرئيسية

الموضوعات الرئيسية


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