[1]) Tell el-Muqdâm is located near el-Muqdâm village Mit Ghamr center , far away from Mit Ghamr city about ten kilometers , Located north of Cairo at about 50 km , An area of about one hundred acres . Naville carried excavations in Tell el-Muqdâm in 1892 , Naville said that high hill up to 60 feet , Then carried excavations in the hill again , These excavations brought out monuments due to different periods continued the old Kingdom until the Greco-Roman period.
C.A.,Redmount and R. Friedman,, Tales of a Delta Site: The 1995 Field Season at Tell el-Muqdam, JARCE 34 (1997), 57-83. (map, plans, fig., ill.).
God Mihos was the chief god in the city, his sacred animal lion ,the city was the capital of the nome of the eleventh nomes of Lower Egypt , Tell el-Muqdâm was named in ancient Egypt
tA- rmw which means " land of the fish" , Maybe land name of fish
tA- rmw mentioned in coffins texts , Spell 158 " Coming into existence when God Sobek created the fish trap " .
Yoyotte, J., La ville de "Taremou" (Tell el-Muqdâm), BIFAO 52 (1953), 190 .
Tell el-Muqdâm has been great importance during Middle Kingdom and New Kingdom , especially during King Ramses II reigns , Where we found him statue is made of red granite , there are inscription reads , Ramses II beloved of Ptah .
É.,Naville, Ahnas el Medineh with chapters on Mendes, the nome of Thoth, and Leontopolis , London , 1894 , P.31 pl.6
in Dondit village which is near of Tell el-Muqdâm discovered small statue of red granite to (of) King Ramses II also , in Dondit discovered number of large and small block , there are inscription to King Ramses II , It may have been moved from Tell el-Muqdâm .
C.,Edgar, Report on the demolition of Tell Sheikh Nasreddin .ASAE 13 (1914) .123
Importance city emphasized and its historical role continued during the Late Period , especially during the dynasty 22 , because the tomb of Queen Kama mother of the King "Osorkon IV" discovered at Tell el-Muqdâm in 1915 , Maybe Tell el-Muqdâm is seated Dynasty 23, and the place where they have taken residence of their bodies .
C. A .,Redmount,. and R. Friedman, The 1993 Field Season of the Berkeley Tell el-Muqdam Project: Preliminary Report , Newsletter of the American Research Center in Egypt, New York 164 (Winter 1994), 1-10. (plans, fig.).
Tell el-Muqdâm named during Ptolemaic period Leontopolis , meaning " city of the Lions " attributed to local lion-god
Mihos who changed his name to god Miysis during Ptolemaic period.
J.,Yoyotte, Le paradoxe de Léontopolis (méthodes moyens et contexte actuel en matière d'archéologie urbaine), L'Égyptologie en 1979. 1, 297-302.
[1]) S , Abdalla , Report excavations of Tell el-Muqdâm , season 2011.
[1]) A., El - Sawi,”some objects found at Tell Basta (season 1966-67) ASAE LXIII, 1979,155-159
[1]) Niwinski,A,” plateaux d offrandes maisons d ames .Genes evolution et fonction dans le culte des
morts au temps de la XII dynastie “ Etudes et travaux , 8 , 1975 ,73 – 112
[1]) F., petrie, Gizeh and Rifeh , London ,1907 ,16
[1]) Ibid , pp.16 -17 ; LÄ , VI, p809-810
[1]) Wb ,III ,183-6 ; M.,Maha,Untersushungun zu opfertaeln, HAB,17(1982) 38
[1]) A-C.,Dia,Alters and offerring tables,denkmaler des alten Reiches III, le Caire,1987,p.10; Wb
, III,226-5
[1]) Wb ,I,393-7
[1]) L.,Klebs ,Die Reliefs des alten reichec, Heidelberg,1915,pp-130-132
[1]) A.H.Gardiner,Egyptian Grammar. 3e ed., Oxford, (1957) 495
[1]) Ibid., § 55 .51
[1]) Ibid., § 55 .51
[1]) R.,Gundlach, Weltherrscher und Weltordnung. Legitimation und Funktion des ägyptischen Königs am Beispiel Thutmosis III. und Amenophis III , Franz Steiner Verlag, 1992
[1]) C., Leitz, Lexikon Der Agyptischn Gotter Und tterbezeichnungen , 7 vol., OLA 110- 116, vol.,III , ( Leuven 2002 ) , 222- 227 ; E.,Teeter, The Presentation of Maat. Ritual and Legitimacy in Ancient Egypt, Chicago , 1997
[1]) M.,Gorg, Königliche Eulogie. Erwägungen zur Bildsprache in Ps 8,2, Biblische Notizen, München 37 (1987), 38-47.
[1]) H. , te Velde ,De zegeningen van Ptah-Tatenen. Een egyptische koningsinscriptie uit de 13e eeuw v. Chr.,Schrijvend Verleden, 355-360.
[1]) Wb ,I ,565 ; R.0.Faulkner, A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian ,( Oxford, 1962 ) 96.
[1]) Wb ,I ,565 ; R.0.Faulkner, Op.Cit., 164
[1]) J.,Quagebeur ,Une épithète méconnaissable de Ptah, Livre du centenaire, 61-71 (2 fig.).
[1]) R.0.Faulkner, A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, ( Oxford, 1962 ) 164
[1]) E. Meyer , Gesch II , I , P. 139 ;J.,Breasted , Temples of Lower Nubia , AJSL , 23 , 1906 , 5 ; Sethe , ZAS , 26 (1898 ) 64; O'.,David & E., Cline, Amenhotep: Perspectives on his Reign, University of Michigan, 1998,16
[1]) M.,William , The Sed Festival : A Problem in Historical Method , MDAIK 37, 369-76
[1]) R.,Wilkinson, The Complete Gods and Goddesses , 32 , 207-208
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