مهن ووظائف أطفال العبيد الرومان في ضوء النقوش الأثرية

نوع المستند : المقالة الأصلية

المستخلص

يدرس هذا البحث مهن ووظائف أطفال العبيد الرومان في نهاية العصر الجمهوري والقرنين الأول والثاني من العصر الإمبراطوري من خلال النقوش التي اقامها آباء هؤلاء الأطفال والمالکون لهم تخليدًا لذکراهم بعد وفاتهم. وکما يتضح من البحث فإنَّ النقوش الجنائزية تمثل مصدرًا مهمًّا يعرفنا بالکثير من المعلومات التي لا نقابلها في غيرها من المصادر الأخرى عن هؤلاء الأطفال، من قبيل أسمائهم وأسماء آبائهم وأسرهم أعمارهم عند الوفاة. ويشتمل البحث على جزئيْن أساسيين يعرف أولهما بالنقوش وأهميتها وما تشتمل عليه من معلومات والسياق الذي وجدت فيه، ويرکز الثاني على المهن والوظائف التي مارسها هؤلاء الأطفال. وترکز الدراسة على عشرين نقشًا جنائزيًّا يشيرون إلى ثلاثة وعشرين طفلًا کانوا يمارسون العديد من المهن والوظائف التي کان بعضها داخل منازل سادتهم ومالکيهم والبعض الآخر في مجالات عديدة من قبيل الترفيه والتسلية. وکما توضح الدراسة في الخاتمة فإنّ أطفال العبيد الرومان کانوا يبدأون حياتهم المهنية مبکرًا، کما کانت غالبيتهم من الفيرناي، عبيدًا مولودوين داخل منازل سادتهم- بالمقارنة بالعبيد الذين کان يتم بيعهم وشراؤهم، وأنَّ الأطفال ذکورًا وإناثًا کانوا يمارسون في بعض الأحيان المهن ذاتها.
This paper studies the jobs and professions of children of Roman slaves towards the end of the Republican era and during the first and second centuries of the Empire in the light of the inscriptions which their fathers and owners made for them to commemorate their memory. As the paper shows those inscriptions are important sources of information which include their names, their fathers, families and their ages at death. It is divided mainly into two sections; the first, studies the importance of inscriptions, their context and the nature of their information; the second, concentrates on the jobs and professions of those children. In all we have twenty funeral inscriptions commemorating twenty three children who practiced various jobs and professions; some of these jobs and professions were inside the houses of their owners while others belonged to the field of entertainment. As is shown in the final conclusion, those children began their professional life at an early age and were mostly vernae, slaves born in the houses of their owners, compared to slaves bought and sold in the slave-market. Moreover, they were mostly engaged in the same professions regardless of gender. (Roman History,

نقاط رئيسية

مقدمة

أولًا: النقوش

ثانيًا: المهن والوظائف    

أ – المهن:    

ب – الوظائف:    

 

خاتمة

اللوحات

- قائمة المراجع

الكلمات الرئيسية

الموضوعات الرئيسية

المراجع

- قائمة المراجع
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